OUTLINES FOR 1302 LECTURES

Aftermath of the Civil War  

3 Key Issues

1. Reconstruction
   Slavery, Freedom, and Civil Rights
   KKK, Lynchings, Sharecropping      14th Amendment   
2. Western Movement and Indian Genocide,  Tribal “Sovereignty”
   Wounded Knee
3. Triumph of Capitalism  (North v. South), Means of Production, Government Intervention to Develop Capitalism, Industrialization and Incorporation, the South as Colony
   

Terms:
Freedmen’s Bureau
Sharecropping
Dawes Act

U.S. Coal Production
1870–20K tons/yr
1900–212K
1910–417K

Rolled Steel Production
1870–14K tons/yr
1900–303K
1910–544K

Industrial Machinery
1870–$117 millions
1910–$512 billions

Capitalist America and its Challenges

Class Formation and Work Culture  “Saint Monday”  and lyrics
Skilled and Unskilled Work
Image–Pyramid of Capitalist System

“Long-Haired Preacher”       

Labor Struggles and Class Violence   (Pages 34-47, and 64-75)
Gilded Age
“Great Uprising,” Haymarket, Homestead  (Video) , Pullman

Agrarian Uprisings
From Family to Commercial Farming
Producers’ Image
The Grange
Populists (Banks, Railroads, Monopolies, Trusts)  (Platform)
Silver Solution 

Image–1877 strike
Image–Haymarket
Image–Haymarket 
Image–Pullman strike
Image–Pullman strike

Image–Bryan and anti-imperialism
Image–Anti-Imperialim and Anti-Trust
Cross of Gold Speech, text
Cross of Gold Speech, audio
William Jennings Bryan
The Wizard of Oz

Terms:
“Saint Monday”
Knights of Labor/cooperatives
Mark Twain
Henry Clay Frick
Eugene Victor Debs
Overproduction
Bimetallism
William Jennings Bryan
“Cross of Gold”

THE CRISIS OF THE 90s

Production, Overproduction, and Markets
Missionaries and Imperialists
Hawai’i
Cuba/The Philippines

The New Empire/The Open Door (Liberalism, Capitalism, Globalization)

Critics  (“To The Person Sitting in Darkness”)   

Terms:
SURPLUS CAPITAL
     Frederick Jackson Turner, Josiah Strong, John Fiske, Brooks Adams, A.T. Mahan, Charles Conant
“Social Darwinism”
Queen Liliuokalani
Spanish-American War
Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
Mark Twain  

U.S. Cotton Production and Prices
1870–4.3 million bales           1871–18¢/lb
1882–6.9 m                             1880–10¢/lb
1891–9.0 m                             1891–7¢/lb

Wheat
1873–368 m bushels/40 m exported       1866–$1.52/bu
1882–555 m bushels/150 m exported     1878–77¢
                                                                   1881–$1.19
                                                                   1887–68¢ 
1893–54¢

Image–Spanish fleet at Manila Bay

Image–Killed Filipino Soldiers
Image–Atrocities in Philippines

 THE PROGRESSIVE ERA(S)

The Response to Industrialization and the Call for Reform

Social Justice and Muckraking  (The Jungle, Child Labor, Sweatshops)
Social Equality: Ideas and Laws
Women’s Suffrage
—-
The “Other” Progressives, (Pages 81-6),   conservatives and reform        
 “Corporate Liberalism”
Corporations and “cooperation”
 Banking, Insurance, and Meat Packing
———–

Child Labor Images
Image–Child Labor
Image–Child Labor 
Image–Child Labor protest 
Image–Sweatshop
Image–Sweatshop
  (Website on Triangle Fire)
Woody Guthrie’s “1913 Massacre”   (Lyrics)
“Bread and Roses”   (Lyrics)
Woody Guthrie’s “Jesus Christ”   (Lyrics)

Terms:
Lincoln Steffens
Ida Tarbell
Upton Sinclair, The Jungle 
Pure Food and Drug Act/Meat Inspection Act
Social Gospel
Alice Paul/Carrie Chapman Catt
Margaret Sanger
Pragmatism, “Brandeis Brief”

EMPIRE AND THE GREAT WAR
European Background (Map c. 1900)
     Lenin’s Critique of Capitalism 
The Race for Empire
     Britain, France, Germany
Entangling Alliances
Balkans Powderkeg  (map)
——-
U.S. Response
Wilson’s so-called Neutrality  (Wilson Image)
Financial Support
International Law–submarines (Image)   (Image)     (War in the Trenches)

Terms:
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
entente cordiale
Open Door
Robert Lansing
Colonel Edward House
William Jennings Bryan
The Lusitania (Image)
House-Grey Memorandum
The Sussex 
“Making the World Safe for Democracy”

U.S. Exports
 To Allies                            To Germany
1914        $754m                     $345m
1915        $1.28b                     $29m
1916        $2.75b                     $2m

 THE GREAT WAR AND AFTERMATH

Preparations and the American Contribution
“Democracy” at Home  (Eugene Debs) 
 Repression (German-Americans) 
 African-Americans (Camp Logan Interview)

Wartime Propaganda Images
1
2
3

_______
Terms:
Trench Warfare
Armistice/11 November 1918
Espionage Act
W.E.B. DuBois

The Continuing Crisis in Europe: The Versailles Conference
     Bolshevism

     Germany: Reparations or Reintegration-Setting the Stage for
                                                                            World War II
 The Fight for the League of Nations, Abroad and at Home
 

DISILLUSIONMENT AND THE RED SCARE

Questions and Lamentations  [Wilfred Owen]
Reds and Anarchists  (Sacco and Vanzetti)  
Containing Labor–Seattle General Strike and the Battle for Blair Mountain

Which Side Are You On?

Podcast on Seattle

Terms:
All Quiet on the Western Front
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Palmer Raids

THE 1920s: CULTURE, CAPITALISM, AND CRASH!

The New Corporate State
Herbert Hoover and Trade Associations   [some trade associations]
Consumer Culture /Loans and Advertising   [Bernays, Propaganda]    [Image] [Image] [Image]  [Image]   [Image]  [Contemporary Ad] 
Buying Fun and Economic Growth

CRASH!!!!

Images of the Depression:
1
2
And More 
And Many, Many More

Causes:  Pages 146-55

Surplus Capital, Foreign Economic Crises, Stock Market, Poverty,
Lack of Economic Diversity, Credit Crunch

Hoover’s Responses:  Balanced Budget, Tariffs, Government Spending
______
Terms:
productionism
Dawes Plan

The International Debt Triangle:

Germany pays reparations to France, England
France, England pay off Loans to U.S.
U.S. sends aid, such as Dawes Plan, to Germany

Trade drops, from $3b in 1929, to $900m in 1933 and currencies are devalued 
US Share of Global Trade

FDR AND THE NEW DEAL
Roosevelt and the Politics of Illusion and Hope
The 3 Rs (Relief, Recovery, Reform)
First New Deal: Conservative, pro-Business Reform
    NIRA (NRA) , AAA [Hogs ], [Milk]   2020 milk dumping    SEC
   New Deal Programs
Second New Deal: “Thunder on the Left” —Woody Guthrie  [Video]     [Image]   [Image]  [Grapes of Wrath]    Will Rogers  [Image]
    FDR’s Critics: Sinclair [Image] , Townshend, Lewis, Long  [Video]    [Every Man a King]
    Social Security, WPA (Works Progress Administration) [Image],   [Video]       Wagner Act
Recovery in ’37?  The Curse of the Balanced Budget
Military Keynesianism to the Rescue!
______
Terms:
“Bank Holiday”
National Planning
PWA  (Public Works Administration)
FERA
EPIC
“Share Our Wealth”
 Flint  (Article and Audio) 
John Maynard Keynes
APPEASEMENT, ISOLATIONISM, AND THE OUTBREAK OF WAR

Europe (Map of German Expansion)
    Mussolini and Hitler and Corporatism
    British and French [Non]-response
        Rhineland Reoccupation–1936   [Map]
        Spanish Civil War (Poster)
        Anschluss  (connection, union), 1938  [Map][Image]

Munich, 1938  (Image)
        Sudetenland/Czechoslovakia–1938   (Map)
        Poland blitzkrieg, 1 September 1939 [Image]   (Map)
Asia
    America, Tokyo and the “Greater East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” [Map]
        Manchukuo
        The Invasion of China

The U.S.
    Isolationism
    Undeclared War 
    Conflict in the Pacific  [Reuben James]
    “The Arsenal of Democracy”
_____
Terms:
Nazis
Fascists

Franco
Neville Chamberlain
Mukden Incident
Pearl Harbor
Neutrality Acts
“Phony War”
The Battle of Britain 
“Cash and Carry”
Destroyers for Bases
Lend-Lease
THE WORLD AT WAR
(War in Europe maps) 

Soviet Invasion  (Map)  

The Grand Alliance: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
The Politics of War: The Second Front
D-Day and Victory: Seeds of Cold War (Allied Offensives)
The Pacific War (Map)
The BOMB!  Why?

______
Terms:

Nazi-Soviet Pact
Yalta
Potsdam
Manhattan Project
Atomic Diplomacy:

Podcast on Atomic Bomb:   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tdLz16ljiM&t=1013s
   

Feb. 1945: Soviet agrees to war v. Japan
    Spring 1945: U.S. planners expect Japanese surrender
    Spring/Summer 1945: Japanese overtures to Soviet; American
        planning for invasion (1 November 45, 1 January 46), casualty estimates 25-50K
    VE Day: Soviet to enter war in Asia on 8 August
    July 1945: Stalling Potsdam
    16 July: Potsdam Conference and Almogordo
    6 August: Hiroshima
    9 August: Nagasaki

Nuclear War

The Alperovitz Debate
Critics of the Bomb

THE END OF WW II AND THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR  (Cold War Rivalries map)

Wartime Factors  (Second Front, A-Bomb, Italy)
 Epic Battle b/w Good and Evil?  

    Reconstructing Postwar Europe,  pages 300-305
        Yalta and the Question of Eastern Europe
            Poland   (map)
            Germany   (4 Zones and Reparations (map))

   American and Soviet Designs : Churchill, Stalin, and Truman
Open Door, Empire, Defense

Strategies for Hegemony: Economic and Political

Bretton Woods    (article from Fed)  pages, 296-99
IMF [Currency Stabilization]
World Bank [“reconstruction and development”]
The dollar and convertibility

United Nations
Security Council and Veto
Inclusion and Power

    Containment: Economic, Military and Political  [Kennan],[pages, 305-11]

“…..to maintain this position of disparity”
        Bretton Woods, Loans and the Marshall Plan
        The “Iron Curtain”
        The Truman Doctrine  (Greece)
        Berlin Blockade
        NATO

Creating the National Security State

National Security Act–Liberty vs. Security, the “garrison state,” imperialism

    Cold War/Hot War in the “Third World”

 

    ASIA,  pages, 311-314
        Chinese Civil War: Mao Zedong [CCP] vs. Jiang Jieshi [Guomindang]
        The “China Lobby”

        The Cold War Turns Hot:  Korea  (map) 
        NSC-68 and Military Keynesianism  pages, 315-317

    “Ducks” Everywhere  pages, 317-326
        Iran, 1953: The Fall of Mossadegh   (map)
        Guatemala, 1954: Ousting Arbenz    (Map)  
        Cuba, 1959-present: Contesting Castro   (Bay of Pigs)
        Chile, 1973: The Allende “Threat”

Bolivian Lithium 2019

   1945-Present: The Spectres of Nationalism and Neutralism
        Indonesia, Egypt, India  [Sukarno, Nasser, Suez Attack,  Nehru]

Containment–at Home

Daily Life in the National Security State

“Duck and Cover” in South Park   

Red Scare, Again

   McCarthyism 

Roy Cohn

   “Who Lost China?”
   Labor/Taft-Hartley
   The Rosenbergs
    “God Bless America”

 African Americans/Civil Rights
  Robeson, HUAC Testimony, Old Man River,  DuBois and Socialism, Haywood, King and Levinson 

McCarthyism and African American Activists 

 

Women

      Back to the Kitchen (home-ec-text-1950s)
      Baby Booming
      Women in the workplace?,     June and Ward

1950s Advertising

 Hollywood/Culture
      TV/Education/Comics, etc……   “Hollywood Ten”
      Blacklists
      Suburbanization

The End of McCarthyism

Margaret Chase Smith, “Declaration of Conscience”  

Roy Cohn   

Joseph Welch [“Sir, have you no sense of decency”] 

American Life in the 1950s

    Consumption and Culture
        Economic Growth [Military-Industrial Complex]
        Organization Men in Gray Flannel Suits
        Education and Conformity
      

    The “Other” ’50s

 “Little Boxes”     and  “Pleasantville“
        “Birth of the Cool”  So What     Coltrane    Charlie _Parker  
        Hep Cats, Jazz, and Dope  Jazz and Protest    
         Rebels without Causes and JDs   What are you rebelling against?    

 

       The Beat Life  [Ginsberg “America”] [  Howl video] [Howl]  [Kerouac]  [Burroughs]

 

Sexual Revolution: Kinsey and Hefner and the politics of the Playboy lifestyle

 

Youth Politics

     
        Mad Magazine   [Alfred E. Newman] 

 [Bill Gaines]

 

 

VIET NAM    [Map]   

Outside Conquests and Nationalism

French Colonization of Indochina, and Resistance and the rise of Ho Chi Minh  and the Viet Minh

Podcast on Ho Chi Minh  

World War II, Independence?, French Return, The First Indochina War, Dienbienphu 1 , Dienbienphu 2 , the Invention of South Vietnam

American Support of Ngo Dinh Diem

The DRVN vs. RVN

The Americans Go In: The Second Indochina War

Diem vs. Buddhists and American Intervention

Tonkin Gulf Incident and Resolution

American Troop Escalation and the Destruction of Vietnam

Guerrilla vs. Conventional War–“Kill anything that moves”

My Lai, William Calley, and Hugh Thompson

Thompson: What’s going on here, Lieutenant?

Calley: This is my business.

Thompson: What is this? Who are these people?

Calley: Just following orders.

Thompson: Orders? Whose orders?

Calley: Just following…

Thompson: But, these are human beings, unarmed civilians, sir.

Calley: Look Thompson, this is my show. I’m in charge here. It ain’t your concern.

Thompson: Yeah, great job.

Calley: You better get back in that chopper and mind your own business.

Thompson: You ain’t heard the last of this!

Tet

American phase down and withdrawal

Victory of the Revolution

Antiwar Movement at Home 

 

 

Martin Luther King, “A Time to Break the Silence”  

 

—————————————————————————-

 

The Modern Civil Rights Era

CRT/Books banned   VA book banning 

Racism, Law, Violence, the Economy–through Slavery and segregation to Black Lives Matter

Podcast on Sports and Black History and Protests    

    World War II and the Northern Migration   [Beginnings] 

Emmett Till 

Rosa Parks
    The Legal Challenge to Apartheid
         Brown v. Board       Montgomery and the Emergence of
            Martin Luther King    [1957-62]

Sit-Ins [SNCC]

Birmingham Boycott–“Bull Connor”

“I Have a Dream”

   Freedom Rides
    Freedom Summer
   
  

“Mississippi Goddam”    Lyrics

James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman

States’ Rights

Legislative Triumph: Civil and Voting Rights Acts

 Liberal Backlash, post 1965 

Urban Rebellions

    Northern Rage: Malcolm X
    Black Power/Black Panthers
    MLK Transitions

Cities Burning—Newark, Detroit, D.C…….

Podcast on Watts Uprising   

    Poor People’s Campaign
    The Assassination of King    

The Commodification of King
=======

The Cuban Missile Crisis explained and reconsidered . . .   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzalN1v8SfA&t=2263s

 

The 1960s: Commodification and Questioning Authority

Reality  and   Legacy  and Now

Wrangler Ad   Lyrics  

Noam Chomsky on the 1960s  

    The New Left and  “participatory democracy”

   C. Wright Mills to the New Left 

Students for a Democratic Society and the Port Huron Statement

Free Speech Movement and Mario Savio    (4:20)

The Antiwar Movement

Vietnam: Working Class War

Draft Dodger Rag 

      

    “La Raza Unida”–The Chicano Movement

 Cesar Chavez–UFW
    Reies Tijerina [New Mexico] La Alianza Federal de Mercedes, “tierra o muerte”

    Brown Berets–Police, Farm Workers, Land Grants, Vietnam

 

 

  Women’s Liberation

Betty Friedan–The Feminine Mystique
    Miss America 1968

Countercultures:  (“Sex, Drugs, Rock & Roll”)  Protest Music

Bob Dylan, Rolling Stones,   

Birth Control Pill to Roe v. Wade 

Stonewall and Gay Liberation   

LSD—Timothy Leary [“tune in, turn on, drop out”]  White Rabbit   

The Age of Aquarius   

When Hippies Go Bad  

Summer of Love 

San Francisco (Wear Some Flowers in Your Hair)    

Woodstock    

Country Joe, “I Feel Like I’m a Fixin’ to Die Rag”

 

   
  

 

60s Backlash and The Age of Nixon  Law and Order  and  Fear

The New Right   Goldwater 1964 Campaign  

Rise of the (New?) South   Lynyrd Skynyrd

Foreign Policy and Detente/ SALT
      “Vietnamization” and Kent State 
      Ending the War
      Arms Sales

 At Home
     “Law and Order“ ?
      Evil Liberals
      Oil Crisis 
      Welfare and Environment
      Watergate  

“Always remember, others may hate you, but those who hate you don’t win unless you hate them, and then you destroy yourself.”

 The Legacy
    The Imperial President
    The Last Liberal?

Post-Watergate/Aftermath of Detente/Committee on the Present Danger and “Team B”/Brzezinski in Charge/Carter’s Cold  War–Afghanistan and the Olympics (later)

The 1980s–the Backlash Continues: Reagan and the Triumphant Right

  

The Moral Majority, Phyllis Schlafly, and the ERA

Reagan and the Evil Empire  Transcript  

Reverse Robin Hood Economics and Deindustrialization 
      The Poor Get Poorer
Cutting the Safety Net

 
  

     
The New Cold War
“Star Wars” [SDI]  (ad)    and Military Keynesianism
Central America slaughters/ Iran-Contra 

 

Liberation Theology, El Salvador, Nicaragua

“I’d like to make an appeal in a special way to the men in the army. Brothers, each one of you is one of us. We are the same People.  The farmers and peasants that you kill are your own brothers and sisters.  When you hear the words of a man telling you to kill, think instead in the words of God, “Thou shalt not kill!” No soldier is obliged to obey an order contrary to the Law of God. In His name and in the name of our tormented people who have suffered so much, and whose laments cry out to heaven: I implore you! I beg you! I ORDER you!! STOP THE REPRESSION!!!”     Archbishop Oscar Romero

 

Race and Culture, Punk and Hip Hop

The Clash, “Clampdown”    

(Lyrics) 

Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, “The Message” 

Race and racial politics in the Reagan Years   Willie Horton Ad   

    Rodney King and the L.A. Uprising of ’92   April 29, 1992   (Sublime) 

Bill Clinton, the “New Democrats,” and Wall Street…….”Triangulation”

DLC “Centrism,” Deregulation, “Dot.Com Bubble”  (Repeal of Glass-Steagall)  Easy Money and Huge Debt…..The Triump of “Financialization”

Welfare Reform and Crime Bill  (“end welfare as we know it” and building the “carceral state”).    Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (GOP idea)

  Decline in monthly welfare payments

Right-Wing hardball–“Contract with America,” Impeachment, 2000 Election, Merrick Garland, Amy Coney Barrett

Globalization–WTO and NAFTA–and Democracy? 
Investor-to-State rights/Chapter 11  (acf186) 
Maquiladores
Job Losses  and debts

 

Globalization and its Discontents: IMF, World Bank, and SAPs

The return of mass protest
“The Battle of Seattle”
“Call It Democracy”  

George W. Bush and the “Curious” Election of 2000

Huge Tax Cuts

9/11 (later) and Another War at Home–Patriot Act and DHS

Katrina

Housing Bubble and the Great Recession

 Barack Obama, “post-racial” America, “hope and change” (“My administration is the only thing between you and the pitchforks.”BHO to Wall Street CEOs)

TARP (Toxic Assets Relief Program) and HAMP (Home Affordable Modification Program)

 

“Obamacare”–Public Mandate, not Public Insurance

Wealth Inequality, c. 2014

 

 

Right-Wing attacks–“Birtherism”

The Emergence of Black Lives Matter–Trayvon Martin, Mike Brown, Freddie Gray, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner………..

Ferguson  

 

Donald Trump, from the Central Park Five to COVID–the politics of rage and division.  From “very fine people” to resurgent white supremacy.  Confederate flags.

George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Jacob Blake, WNBA and NBA protests…… Athletes become activists   

 

More tax cuts and debts  

Chasing ghosts in Russia and Ukraine

Global Pandemic and Indifference

 

 

America in Tatters…..2020.   LL Cool J.

 

---

The Road to 9/11, and Iraq: The US and the Middle East   [map]

Background: Oil, Israel, and Nationalism

 

Palestine: c. 1914, population, @600,000 Arabs, 25,000 Jews

The Great War, Hussein-McMahon Correspondence, Sykes-Picot   (European spheres of influence)

Mandates and Balfour  (Zionism)

“His Majesty’s Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.”

Emergence of Petroleum Politics/Red Line Agreement  *

 

World War II and Holocaust 

Hagana, Stern Gang and Irgun, Kind David Hotel, Nakba *

Israel and Palestine

 

 

“Resurging” Anti-Americanism 

Mossadegh, Nasser and pan-Arabism,  and Abd-al Karim Kasim:  Iran, Egypt, Iraq

Suez Crisis Suez

   

OPEC (1960) 

The PLO*

6 Day War and Yom Kippur/Ramadan War*    Oil Boycott

 

Resolution 242  and Resolution 338    

Camp David Accords *

Oslo Accords*

Intifada! and Settlements*

US support of Israel 

Islamic Revolution 1979 w/ Khomenei, Oil Shock,  hostages, and the Iran-Iraq War, (Map)

U.S. support of Iraq, and military advisors  

Afghanistan*, Soviet Intervention against Communist gov’t,  Mujahadeen (ZB), Taliban and al-Qaeda and “Blowback”

The First Gulf War*, 1990-91   (Looking for Enemies after Eastern European Communism Falls Apart) 

Glasbie meeting with Saddam 

Gulf War and Sanctions Regime*    

Terrorism in the 90s*

Bin Laden and al Qaeda  

 

9/11 and the PDB 6 August 2001  and the Momentum toward War    
Lies and Deceptions

Why do they hate us? Bases in Saudi, Sanctions against Iraq, Palestine 

Invasion of Iraq, Rise of ISIS*

Costs of Global War on Terror  US Budgetary Costs of Wars November 2019

Trump: Muslim Ban, Jerusalem, Attacking BDS,   Recognizing Settlements